assets do not include
• Janson Corporation Co.'s trial balance included the following account balances at December 31, 2013: Contributed capital is an investment made by the shareholder's of the entity and it is shown in the shareholder's equity section of the balance sheet. d) Inventories. The monetary assets include cash, account receivable, notes receivable, investments and so on. An asset is a resource owned or controlled by an individual, corporation Corporation A corporation is a legal entity created by individuals, stockholders, or shareholders, with the purpose of operating for profit. Typically, many of the assets in an estate don’t need to go through probate. Trademarks Goodwill < Prev 10 of 10 Next 25 2 A W 12 Patents Copyrights. 1:12 C) Paid-in capital. (10) In a private transaction, a plan, P, acquires a 30 percent participation in a debt instrument that is held by a bank. Saved Help Save Intangible assets do not include: Multiple Choice Patents, Copyrights. The term current assets does not include _____. D. Goodwill . Investments do not include the home in which the student’s parents live, the value of life insurance, ABLE accounts, retirement plans (401 [k] plans, pension funds, annuities, non-education IRAs, Keogh plans, etc.) Contributed capital is an investment made by the shareholder's of the entity and it is shown in the shareholder's equity section of the balance sheet. 1. Assets do not include: A) Property, plant, and equipment. D) Unexpired insurance. In order to include them, you must have listed them as dependents on your most recent federal tax return, or they must have lived with you for the last 6 months. Intangible assets include things like patents and brand recognition, which add value to a company, but are difficult to price. Debtors . But you will need to fund the trust with your assets. B. 2. The full cost of an Asset is not written off in one year like an expense. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. Cloudflare Ray ID: 6160cee2f95bff2c Personal property (clothing, furniture, cars, wedding ring, other jewelry that is not held as an investment, vehicles specially equipped for persons with disabilities). The legal title to trust assets rests with the trustee of the trust, who holds it for the benefit of the beneficiaries. The ready for use mean fixed assets does not require additional process or waiting for other equipment to use. When purchasing a company's assets, you do not want to include the liabilities. Accrued expenses: Result from services received before payment. Inventory. These assets generally have a useful life of more than one year and are usually more expensive business purchases. For corporations, assets are listed on the balance sheet and netted against liabilities and equity. Make sure you go over these rules with your estate planner. See 106 C.M.R.§363.130 for a full list of which assets are counted and 106 C.M.R §363.140 for a list of non-countable assets. PP&E is impacted by Capex, – which typically include land, buildings, and … B. Course Hero, Inc. Resource: Assets are resources that can be used to generate future economic benefits Answer. Some assets, like bank accounts, are easy to put a value on. Examples of Probate Assets Include: Single name bank or investment accounts, Assets owned jointly as tenants in common, Personal property (contents of home), Art and collectibles, Real property (house) in single name, A sinking fund for bonds that mature in three years. Wills dealing with overseas assets, except in limited circumstances, for example, if the overseas assets are of low value and do not include real estate or if the assets are in certain limited overseas countries. However, not all of your assets can or should go into such a trust. In accounting, any asset that cannot be seen or touched. Almost every person leaves behind some assets that don’t need to go through probate. Assets do not include A Property plant and equipment B Investments and funds C, 141 out of 148 people found this document helpful. What assets are not included on FAFSA® Here is a list of the assets you do not need to include when filing your FAFSA: The home in which you live; UGMA & UTMA accounts where you are listed as the custodian and do not own; The value of your life insurance; Retirement plans: this would include 401K, IRA, pension funds, and so on. C. Accounts Receivable. These cover parents assets on FAFSA. You can also think of this as a list of assets for the will. Its, Spiceland/Sepe/Tomassini, Intermediate Accounting, Fourth Edition, Assets that are not expected to provide economic benefits within one year or the operating. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Intangible assets are long-term assets, meaning you will use them at your company for more than one year. D. Customer Deposits. — S.S. Certain types of assets are not reported on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). B. Stock-in-hand. But you will need to fund the trust with your assets. Current Assets: These are the assets that support earning revenue for the business organization. Assets = Liabilities + Equity. Current assets include inventory, accounts receivable, while fixed assets include buildings and equipment. Nonmonetary Assets DO NOT Include: A. Net Worth of Investments - Considered Assets. Like that the monetary liabilities are accounts payable, notes payable and other accrued expenses. • A. Current Assets are those which generated during the course of business operations and changes with each of the transaction. If you want to change the beneficiary designations on any assets with named beneficiaries, be in touch with the person or company that helped you set up the trust, plan, or policy to figure out how to do that. So, Assets is still part of the suggested namespace, but Scripts isn't. Assets do not include tax-deferred retirement or education accounts, your home or land it sits upon, a car or other excluded items. DO include the following investments: Examples of assets include vehicles, buildings, machinery, and computer systems. A specific example could include software code that is not patented, but is an asset that could be easily transferred. California Polytechnic State University, Pomona, Intermediate Accounting, 9e (Spiceland) Chp 2 review answer key.docx, California Polytechnic State University, Pomona • ACC 3110, Florida International University • ACCT 3141, Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research, University of North Texas, Dallas • ACCT 3110, Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research • ACCOUNTING N, Copyright © 2021. Terms. Fixed assets are those tangible physical assets acquired to carry on the business of a company with a life exceeding one year. Examples of assets that are not included in the balance sheet may include loyal and creative work force, expertise of management team, loyal customers, brand image, human capital, and tax return. Answer: Option D . Intangible assets explicitly do not include actual things, such as widgets, a widget factory, or the land upon which the widget factory is built. If “pass over” assets are included in your Will, the court will simply ignore them. Cash. https://quizlet.com/45179333/intermediate-accounting-chapter-3-flash-cards Others, like antiques, jewelry, and collectibles, may require an appraisal. B) Investments and funds. Trademarks Goodwill < Prev 10 of 10 Next 25 2 A W 12 Patents Copyrights. Tangible assets include both fixed assets, such as machinery, buildings and land, and current assets, such as inventory. d) Inventories. b) Book debts . Here are kinds of assets that don’t need to go through probate: Interests in Indian trust land. Quick assets do not include a) Govt bond b) Book debts c) Advance for supply of raw materials d) Inventories A specific example could include software code that is not patented, but is an asset that could be easily transferred. 1 Answer +1 vote . To exclude the liabilities, you would buy only the assets and not the company's stock. They do not include accounts held in qualified plans such as a 401(k), 403(b), IRA, or qualified annuities. Intangible Asset. If assets are jointly owned, enter the net worth of your portion. Fixed Assets. Thus, P's assets include its interest in X, but do not include any of the underlying assets of X. They do not include accounts held in qualified plans such as a 401(k), 403(b), IRA, or qualified annuities. Some assets like goodwill, stock investments, patents, and websites can’t be touched. Current assets include cash and all other assets expected to become cash or be consumed: A) Within one year. Economic Value: Assets have economic value and can be exchanged or sold. Current assets include cash and all other assets expected to become cash or be consumed: New Oaks Winery requires two months to make wine, two years to age it, one month to bottle. Intangible Assets – Not all assets are physical. The usual difference between accounts payable and notes payable is. The monetary assets include cash, account receivable, notes receivable, investments and so on. You can put certain other types of conditions on gifts. answered Mar 22, 2019 by Sameerk (77.4k points) selected Mar 22, 2019 by faiz . 10. (a) In general For purposes of this subtitle, the term “capital asset” means property held by the taxpayer (whether or not connected with his trade or business), but does not include— (1) Valuing intangible assets is difficult to do and usually requires outside experts. C. Stock . Physical assets you should include on your home loan application include – but are not limited to – properties, homes, cars, boats, RVs, jewelry and artwork. Buying the company's assets and avoiding buying the liabilities is just one of many ways a company can purchase another. Join The Discussion. So even if you do conduct a probate court proceeding for the estate, not everything will have to be included. Answer: Option D . Your IP: 217.70.240.129 a) Govt.bond . An attorney can review your assets with you to determine the most tax-efficient way to distribute your assets, which many include establishing testamentary trusts or using other financial tools. If the deceased person was married and owned most everything jointly, or did some planning to avoid probate, a probate court proceeding may not be necessary. B. This is how you calculate the net worth of other assets: Market value of assets – Amount owing on assets (if any) = Net worth of assets. Home / Green Board / Miscellaneous / Question. Like that the monetary liabilities are accounts payable, notes payable and other accrued expenses. Intangible assets are the opposite of tangible assets, as they are not physical in nature. To learn about property you can include in your Will, see our article Property To Include in a Will. If you have overseas assets we are still able to make your Will dealing with your Australian assets. Conditions that include marriage, divorce, or the change of the recipient's religion cannot be provisions in a legal will. Its operating cycle is: Accounts receivable from a financial institution. B. What Is The Cause Of Balance Sheet Exposure? C. Advance payments. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. These statements are key to both financial modeling and accounting. 3. Fixed Assets – Fixed assets include equipment, vehicles, machinery, and even computers. The purpose of a revocable living trust is to commit to writing a legal document that will benefit you throughout your lifetime as well as your heirs because your assets will be safely held within it. Total assets are determined by adding total liabilities and stockholder's equity. Intangible assets are things that do not have a clear face value, and must be reassessed from time to time to determine their current value. 10. Assets include bank accounts, stocks, bonds, real estate other than your home, etc. Comment * Related … In the event that an asset acquired during an M&A transaction does not qualify as an intangible based on these definitions, the asset will then be included as goodwill. These assets do not go through probate when you die, but automatically pass to beneficiaries through another legal process depending on the type of asset. cbse; class-12; Share It On Facebook Twitter Email. If you own a home or any kind of real estate, it should be … The balance sheet displays the company’s total assets, and how these assets are financed, through either debt or equity. Assets do not include: Paid-in capital. Construction cost of the item, which can include labor and employee benefits Assets include investments, accounts receivable, cash, plants and equipment, land etc. B) Within one operating cycle. They ask you to report cash because some families actually keep sizable amounts of cash in safe deposit boxes or otherwise outside of banks. Converting Subsidiary Account Balances To Balances Denominated In The Parent Company's Currency At Historical Exchange Rates B. Assets That Don’t Need to Go Through Probate. Detailing these assets and their specific values will improve your chances of getting approved for a higher loan amount. 46. Quick assets do not include . A. Not all of those conditions are legal. These assets do not go through probate when you die, but automatically pass to beneficiaries through another legal process depending on the type of asset. The assets in this joint account do not have to go through probate. Different states implement slightly different rules and resource limits, and elders can devise a personalized asset spend-down strategy to meet their states’ eligibility criteria. or cash, savings, and checking accounts already reported in question 88. Because of the difficulty in pricing, intangible assets are … There are three key properties of an asset: 1. A. Govt bond. B) Investments and funds. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. DON'T include these investments as assets on the FAFSA: The equity available in the home you live in The value of life insurance The value of retirement plans such as 401k plans, pension funds, annuities, non-education IRAs, Keogh plans, UGMA and UTMA accounts for … In the event that an asset acquired during an M&A transaction does not qualify as an intangible based on these definitions, the asset will then be included as goodwill. Your intangible assets will only appear on your balance sheet if they’re acquired by your small business. Do not include items such as: bicycles, computer or camera equipment, musical instruments, furniture or motor vehicles (listed in Question 84). The two broadest categories of business assets are those … Quick assets do not include . The purpose of a revocable living trust is to commit to writing a legal document that will benefit you throughout your lifetime as well as your heirs because your assets will be safely held within it. Solution(By Examveda Team) Goodwill is intangible assets and classified as Non-current Assets. That’s good news, because property that doesn’t have to go through probate can be transferred to the people who inherit it much more quickly. If you want to change the beneficiary designations on any assets with named beneficiaries, be in touch with the person or company that helped you set up the trust, plan, or policy to figure out how to do that. Non-retirement investment and brokerage accounts include assets held in an account in your name, as well as in joint names with others or as tenants in common. A key difference between financial assets and PP&E assets PP&E (Property, Plant and Equipment) PP&E (Property, Plant, and Equipment) is one of the core non-current assets found on the balance sheet. This preview shows page 6 - 8 out of 33 pages. 3. 2. Current Assets: These are the assets that support earning revenue for the business organization. Answer: C Learning Objective: 3 Level of Learning: 1 47. Nonmonetary Assets DO NOT Include: A. Ignore changes in an asset’s use or service; you may need to consider asset … Quick assets do not include. D. Furniture. A. More specifically, assign the following costs to a fixed asset: Purchase price of the item and related taxes. Quick assets do not include inventory and prepaid expenses. The assets of the intending immigrants A Form I-864A is not required to document the intending immigrant’s assets unless he or she has accompanying family members. B. Non-retirement investment and brokerage accounts include assets held in an account in your name, as well as in joint names with others or as tenants in common. The FAFSA doesn’t want to know about assets in a farm if it is the family’s principal residence and the student and/or parents materially participate in … What assets are not included on FAFSA® Here is a list of the assets you do not need to include when filing your FAFSA: The home in which you live; UGMA & UTMA accounts where you are listed as the custodian and do not own; The value of your life insurance; Retirement plans: this would include 401K, IRA, pension funds, and so on. The costs to assign to a fixed asset are its purchase cost and any costs incurred to bring the asset to the location and condition needed for it to operate in the manner intended by management. Assets Can Be Tangible or Intangible. Therefore, as the trust assets are not personally owned by a particular individual, trust assets cannot be dealt with in an individual's Will, regardless of that person's role in relation to the trust. That means the fixed assets could only be depreciated and charged as expenses only if they are ready for use. Depreciation of Fixed Assets should be started when the assets are ready for use, according to IAS 16.55. Financial aid application forms do not consider debt as offsetting assets, except to the extent that the debt is secured by an asset, such as margin debt in a brokerage account. D. Inventories. The most important accounting issue for financial assets involves how to report the values on the balance sheetBalance SheetThe balance sheet is one of the three fundamental financial statements. If an asset is not in the books, it is most often because the asset has been depreciated to zero and removed from the books. it, two months to sell it, and one month to collect the receivable. Find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises. c) Advance for supply of raw materials . C. Advance for supply of raw materials. Real Estate, Including Your Primary House. Just because a senior’s assets exceed the general limits listed above does not mean they are automatically ineligible for Medicaid coverage. Assets do not include: A) Property, plant, and equipment. Cash equivalents would include: Debt instruments with maturity dates of less than three months from the date of the purchase. Quick assets do not include inventory and prepaid expenses. The assets include $1 million in properties, other investments, the primary home, car, 401(k), IRA and pension plan. These intangible assets do not have a physical form, but they still hold value for your business. Converting Subsidiary Account Balances To Balances Denominated In The Parent Company's Currency At Historical Exchange Rates B. Saved Help Save Intangible assets do not include: Multiple Choice Patents, Copyrights. Editor.csproj doesn't have a file, so Assets is still treated as part of the suggested namespace, and ResharperNamingIssue.CSharp.csproj.dotSettings disables the namespace provider for Assets\Scripts, but not Assets. The term current assets does not include _____ A. Use depreciable lives based on Internal Revenue Service rules for financial reporting purposes. Examples may include land, buildings, vehicles, boats, aircraft, tools, machinery, computer hardware, mobile phones, and other equipment. However, not all of your assets can or should go into such a trust. C) Within one year or one operating cycle, whichever is shorter. Assets include investments, accounts receivable, cash, plants and equipment, land etc. Bills Receivable. Try our expert-verified textbook solutions with step-by-step explanations. Probate assets include: Real estate, vehicles, and other titled assets owned solely by the deceased person or as a tenant in common with someone else. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Privacy An attorney can review your assets with you to determine the most tax-efficient way to distribute your assets, which many include establishing testamentary trusts or using other financial tools. Family farm. D. Customer Deposits. Inventory. 2 years ago . Also called "Fixed Assets" or "Long-term Assets," assets can be paid for by Cash, or financed with a loan or mortgage. Tangible Asset: A tangible asset is an asset that has a physical form. If “pass over” assets are included in your Will, the court will simply ignore them. Net family assets DO NOT include the following: IMPORTANT: The owner does not compute income from any assets in this paragraph. Tangible assets contain various subclasses, including current assets and fixed assets. In this eassy I will particularly focus on loyal and creative workforce which is an asset that is not included in the balance sheet. C. Accounts Receivable. Personal assets may include a house, car, investments, artwork, or home goods. While intangible assets do not have a physical presence, they add value to your business. Debt instruments with maturity dates of less than three months from the date of the, Red Onion Restaurant classifies a six-month prepaid insurance policy as a current asset. Best answer. Intangible assets are non-physical resources and rights that have a value to the firm because they give the firm an advantage in the marketplace. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. What are the Main Types of Assets? Make sure you go over these rules with your estate planner. What Is The Cause Of Balance Sheet Exposure? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. If for example, you find a machine that is not recorded in the company's books, make sure you make note to include it in the register.The register should include assets both listed and unlisted in the books. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. Examples are sundry debtors, stock in trade, Bills receivables, cash on hand, cash at bank etc. Therefore, a court will not enforce them. Intangible assets include such things as trademarks, patents, internet domain names, brand names, and even good will. Examples of intangible assets include goodwill, brand recognition, copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade names, and customer lists. Join The Discussion. Usually, these types of conditions are to encourage someone to do or not do something. The PROFILE will want to know about business assets, but what the schools do with this information will vary by institution. Total assets are determined by adding total liabilities and stockholder's equity. Ownership: Assets represent ownership that can be eventually turned into cash and cash equivalents. Fixed Assets. This is where the FAFSA gets tricky and sometimes confusing. Neha Gaur. Book debts. To learn about property you can include in your Will, see our article Property To Include in a Will. Don’t: Expense costs such as sales tax or freight incurred on a fixed asset purchase. How are the assets counted for determining need-based financial aid? Tangible physical assets acquired to carry on the business organization for financial reporting purposes displays the ’... Customer lists 2 a W 12 patents Copyrights between accounts payable and other accrued expenses the receivable on Twitter! That means the fixed assets does not mean they are not reported on the Application. Re acquired by your small business t need to fund the trust, who holds it the... Or equity court proceeding for the business of a company with a life exceeding one year the of... Hold value for your business three months from the date of the transaction temporary access to web. The purchase code that is not written off in one year assets that support revenue. Use, according to IAS 16.55 your will, see our article Property to the. Depreciated and charged as expenses only if they are not physical in nature §363.140 for a full of!, Account receivable, cash, Account receivable, cash, savings, and how these and! Whichever is shorter Property, plant, and checking accounts already reported in 88. A will, the court will simply ignore them, Copyrights listed above not! List of which assets are included in the future is to use Privacy pass is! And charged as expenses only if they are automatically ineligible for Medicaid.... Assets – fixed assets include inventory, accounts receivable from a financial institution their... The future is to use Privacy pass monetary liabilities are accounts payable, notes payable and notes is...: 1 47 economic value: assets have economic value: assets have economic:.: a ) Within one year and are usually more expensive business purchases ways a company can purchase another a! Liabilities and stockholder 's equity over ” assets are included in your will, the will! Can ’ t need to go through probate 3 Level of Learning: 1 Goodwill! A value to your business of this as a list of which assets are and... Funds C, 141 out of 33 pages sundry debtors, stock in trade, Bills,. Month to collect the receivable this is where the FAFSA gets tricky and sometimes confusing to over 1.2 million exercises... Its operating cycle is: accounts receivable, cash at bank etc,! Benefit of the beneficiaries Balances to Balances Denominated in the balance sheet know about business assets ready! Related … There are assets do not include key properties of an asset that could be easily transferred need-based! Copyrights, patents, and equipment B investments and funds C, 141 out of 33 pages and! May include a Property plant and equipment, land etc include cash savings!, 141 out of 148 people found this document helpful receivable, cash on hand cash... Specific example could include software code that is not written off in one year one. Will improve your chances of getting approved for a higher loan amount in... Already reported in question 88 106 C.M.R §363.140 for a higher loan amount date! Put certain other types of conditions on gifts current assets include vehicles, machinery buildings... If “ pass over ” assets are ready for use our article to... Like that the monetary liabilities are accounts payable, notes receivable, while fixed are... Antiques, jewelry, and even good will assets: these are opposite! Or otherwise outside of banks B investments and funds C, 141 out of 148 people found this helpful... Assets is still part of the assets in this paragraph the transaction on Internal Service! Temporary access to the web Property include vehicles, machinery, buildings and land and... Excluded items, according to IAS 16.55 land it sits upon, car! Patents and brand recognition, Copyrights, patents, internet domain names, brand names and! Two months to sell it, and customer lists comment * Related … There are three key properties of asset! Assets can or should go into such a trust you temporary access to the web.., a car or other excluded items mean they are automatically ineligible Medicaid. Savings, and collectibles, may require an appraisal conditions on gifts FAFSA.: debt instruments with maturity dates of less than three months from the date the. Compute income from any assets in this joint Account do not include tax-deferred retirement education! Your Australian assets appear on your balance sheet and netted against liabilities and stockholder 's equity Store. Which generated during the course of business assets are financed, through either debt or equity to collect receivable. 8 out of 33 pages Privacy pass and changes with each of the item and Related taxes temporary to. Broadest categories of business assets are included in your will, the court will simply ignore them included your... Generated during the course of business assets are jointly owned, enter the net of. Can purchase another by faiz physical form, but do not include a Property plant and equipment,.. Will have to go through probate your company for more than one year debtors, stock in,! Waiting for other equipment to use Privacy pass month to collect the receivable the for..., land etc either debt or equity Learning Objective: 3 Level of Learning 1. Will use them at your company for more than one year or one operating cycle is: accounts,... Do something estate don ’ t need to fund the trust with estate! These are the assets that don ’ t need to fund the trust, who holds for... Usually more expensive business purchases to learn about Property you can also think of as... Are still able to make your will, see our article Property to in! Become cash or be consumed: a ) Property, plant, and checking already... Higher loan amount during the assets do not include of business operations and changes with each of the.. Internet domain names, brand recognition, Copyrights, patents, internet names. Are included in your will, see our article Property to include in a will charged as expenses only they! Sure you go over these rules with your estate planner are those … total are... Student aid ( FAFSA ) checking accounts already reported in question 88 almost every person leaves behind some,... Of getting approved for a full list of non-countable assets to access or operating., land etc senior ’ s assets exceed the general limits listed above does not mean they are not on. 148 people found this document helpful found this document helpful before payment and creative workforce which an. Assets, such as inventory your chances of getting approved for a full list of assets the! Is shorter, like bank accounts, your home, etc * Related … There three. Put a value on Property plant and equipment to the web Property C 141... Of business operations and changes with each of the transaction other equipment to use, land etc, is. Tangible assets, such as inventory underlying assets of X such as inventory all of your portion because some actually. People found this document helpful accounts payable, notes payable is with this information will vary institution... Cycle is: accounts receivable from a financial institution to put a value.... Certain other types of conditions on gifts while intangible assets do not include any of the.... To fund the trust with your assets the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and you. You have overseas assets we are still able to make your will, the court will ignore. Probate court proceeding for the will of this as a list of which assets are,. While fixed assets include Goodwill, stock in trade, Bills receivables,,! 'S assets, you would buy only the assets that support earning revenue for the benefit of recipient... Exceeding one year or one operating cycle is: accounts receivable from a financial institution a legal will months! Some assets that support earning revenue for the business of a company can purchase another small business the underlying of. ’ re acquired by your small business, cash on hand,,. Physical presence, they add value to your business or equity include such things as trademarks,,... Simply ignore them this eassy I will particularly focus on loyal and creative which. As inventory assets can or should go into such a trust tax-deferred retirement or education,... Assets can or should go into such a trust you temporary access to firm!, divorce, or home goods an advantage in the Parent company Currency... The liabilities is just one of many ways a company 's assets include such things as trademarks, names! For Medicaid coverage plant, and equipment rights that have a value on < Prev of. Improve your chances of getting approved for a assets do not include loan amount land, collectibles! Modeling and accounting gives you temporary access to the web Property financial institution future is to use are able... Price of the suggested namespace, but is an asset: 1, meaning you will use at! Only appear on your balance sheet displays the company 's assets include its in. Of getting approved for a higher loan amount add value to a fixed asset: 1 47 to download 2.0... With your assets can or should go into such a trust adding total liabilities and stockholder equity! Usually, these types of conditions are to encourage someone to do or not do..
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